JTextPane textPane = new JTextPane();

// Set logical style
Style style = textPane.addStyle(null, null);
StyleConstants.setForeground(style, Color.red);
textPane.setLogicalStyle(style);
// paragraph is now red

// Set paragraph style; removes logical style
style = textPane.addStyle(null, null);
StyleConstants.setUnderline(style, true);
textPane.setParagraphAttributes(style, true);
// paragraph is now underlined, not red

// Set logical style; replaces paragraph style's parent
style = textPane.addStyle(null, null);
StyleConstants.setForeground(style, Color.red);
textPane.setLogicalStyle(style);
// paragraph is now red and underlined

// Get logical style and restore it after new paragraph style
Style logicalStyle = textPane.getLogicalStyle();
style = textPane.addStyle(null, null);
StyleConstants.setBold(style, true);
textPane.setParagraphAttributes(style, true);
textPane.setLogicalStyle(logicalStyle);
// paragraph is now red and bold